Alopecia

Definition

Alopecia is the partial or complete loss of hair, which may be temporary or permanent. Causes range from genetic (androgenetic alopecia) and autoimmune (alopecia areata) to medical treatment (chemotherapy, radiation) and severe physiologic or emotional stress.

Types

• Androgenetic: Male/female pattern baldness.
• Alopecia areata: Autoimmune, patchy loss.
• Telogen effluvium: Diffuse shedding from stress/illness.
• Anagen effluvium: Rapid loss from chemotherapy.

Clinical Considerations

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia typically begins 2 to 3 weeks after treatment and regrows 3 to 6 months after therapy ends, sometimes with different texture or color. Scalp cooling caps may reduce hair loss in select patients.

Nursing Interventions

Provide emotional support. Alopecia significantly impacts body image. Discuss hair coverings, wigs, and support groups prior to treatment. Teach gentle scalp care: mild shampoo, avoid heat styling, protect scalp from sun/cold. Connect patients to resources such as the American Cancer Society's 'Look Good Feel Better' program.

NCLEX Relevance

Tested in psychosocial integrity and oncology case studies. Recognize alopecia as an expected (not adverse) chemotherapy effect but one that requires emotional support.