Altruism

Definition

Altruism is a mature ego defense mechanism in which an individual copes with internal conflict or anxiety by dedicating time and energy to meeting the needs of others. Unlike pathologic defenses, altruism is considered healthy and psychologically adaptive.

Clinical Context

Often seen in nursing, social work, and volunteerism. For example, a person whose child died from leukemia founds a cancer support organization; a recovering alcoholic sponsors others in AA. The defense channels distress into productive, constructive action.

Comparison With Other Defenses

• Sublimation: Channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
• Reaction formation: Adopts attitudes opposite to true feelings.
• Projection: Attributes one’s own feelings to others.

Nursing Considerations

Recognize altruism as adaptive. Support the patient’s activities while assessing for signs of burnout or avoidance of personal grief work. Therapeutic communication encourages the client to integrate feelings rather than suppress them.

NCLEX Relevance

Tested in therapeutic communication and defense mechanism identification. Classified as a 'mature' defense along with sublimation, suppression, humor, and anticipation.