Bronchoscopy

Definition

Bronchoscopy is the endoscopic inspection of the airways using a flexible or rigid scope. It is used to diagnose (biopsy, lavage, culture) and treat (foreign body removal, stent placement, mucus plug clearance) airway conditions.

Pre-Procedure Nursing Care

• Verify informed consent
• NPO status for 6 to 8 hours
• Remove dentures
• Baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation
• Premedicate with atropine (reduces secretions), benzodiazepine, and topical anesthetic as ordered

Post-Procedure Nursing Care

Keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns (usually 2 hours). Monitor vital signs, oxygen saturation, and respiratory status every 15 minutes initially. Small amounts of blood-tinged sputum expected; report frank bleeding, dyspnea, or subcutaneous emphysema. Position in semi-Fowler's to facilitate breathing.

Complications

Bleeding, pneumothorax, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, infection, and hypoxemia.

NCLEX Relevance

Key priority: check gag reflex BEFORE resuming oral intake. Watch for post-procedure respiratory distress.