Buccal Administration

Definition

Buccal administration is a medication route where a tablet or film is placed between the cheek and upper gum and allowed to dissolve. The drug absorbs directly through the oral mucosa into the bloodstream, bypassing the GI tract and first-pass hepatic metabolism.

Advantages

• Rapid absorption (minutes)
• Bypasses first-pass metabolism. Higher bioavailability
• Useful for patients unable to swallow
• Easily self-administered

Common Medications

Fentanyl (buccal tablet/film for breakthrough cancer pain), nitroglycerin (for angina), buprenorphine, oral midazolam for pediatric seizures.

Patient Teaching

• Do not chew, swallow, or crush the tablet
• Avoid eating or drinking while the tablet dissolves
• Alternate cheeks for frequent dosing to prevent mucosal irritation
• Rinse mouth after dissolution if applicable

NCLEX Relevance

Distinguish from sublingual (under the tongue). Both bypass first-pass metabolism for rapid effect.