Cerebral Palsy

Definition

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurologic disorder caused by brain injury during fetal development, birth, or early infancy. It affects movement, muscle tone, and posture.

Types

• Spastic (most common): Hypertonia, hyperreflexia, scissors gait.
• Dyskinetic (athetoid): Involuntary writhing movements.
• Ataxic: Poor balance and coordination.
• Mixed: Combination of types.

Associated Conditions

Intellectual disability, seizures, visual/hearing impairments, feeding difficulties, scoliosis, and contractures.

Nursing Interventions

Promote maximum independence and safety: adaptive equipment, physical/occupational/speech therapy referrals, proper positioning, aspiration precautions during feeding, and medications (baclofen, diazepam, botulinum toxin for spasticity). Support parents/caregivers and encourage early intervention programs.

NCLEX Relevance

Focus on maximizing function, preventing contractures, and safety. Recognize CP as non-progressive (does not worsen, but complications may).