Concussion

A mild traumatic brain injury from sudden acceleration-deceleration

Definition

A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function. Imaging is typically normal, but microscopic injury and neurochemical changes occur.

Signs and Symptoms

Brief loss of consciousness (may be absent)
Headache, dizziness
Confusion, amnesia (retrograde or anterograde)
Nausea, vomiting
Photophobia, phonophobia
Irritability, sleep changes
Cognitive 'fog'

Red Flag Symptoms (Call 911)

Unequal pupils, repeated vomiting, worsening headache, seizure, weakness, slurred speech, prolonged unresponsiveness. Possible epidural/subdural hematoma.

Nursing Teaching

Cognitive and physical rest for 24 to 48 hours, gradual return to activity. Wake every 2 to 4 hours for neuro checks in the first 24 hours if advised. Avoid NSAIDs/aspirin initially (bleeding risk). Second-impact syndrome: a second concussion before full recovery can be catastrophic. Rest is critical.

NCLEX Relevance

Focus on neuro monitoring and teaching activity restriction. Avoid aspirin/NSAIDs.