Decompression

Definition

Decompression is the removal of pressure from a body space, most commonly referring to gastric decompression via a nasogastric (NG) tube to remove air, fluid, or stomach contents. It is also used for cranial, chest, and abdominal compartment decompression.

Indications for Gastric Decompression

• Bowel obstruction (small or large)
• Paralytic ileus
• Post-op gastric distention
• GI bleeding
• Severe pancreatitis

NG Tube Nursing Care

Verify placement by X-ray initially; assess pH (less than 5 suggests gastric) and aspirate characteristics. Secure to nose to prevent dislodgement. Attach to low intermittent suction. Monitor output color and volume. Provide oral and nasal care every 4 hours. Assess for irritation, bleeding, and proper positioning.

Other Types

Needle thoracostomy for tension pneumothorax (second intercostal space, midclavicular line). Burr hole or craniotomy for increased ICP. Laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome.

NCLEX Relevance

Classic bowel obstruction care: NPO, NG decompression, IV fluids, electrolyte correction.