Dermatitis

Definition

Dermatitis is a general term for skin inflammation presenting with erythema, itching, swelling, and possibly blistering or scaling. It may be acute or chronic and has multiple etiologies.

Types

• Contact dermatitis: Irritant (soap, detergents) or allergic (poison ivy, latex, nickel).
• Atopic dermatitis (eczema): Chronic, often in children with allergic/asthma history.
• Seborrheic dermatitis: Oily, scaly patches on scalp and face.
• Stasis dermatitis: Chronic venous insufficiency on lower legs.

Nursing Interventions

Identify and avoid triggers; apply emollients to maintain skin barrier; use topical corticosteroids (low-potency on face, higher on body). Oral antihistamines for pruritus. Keep fingernails short and clean to prevent excoriation. Cool compresses for acute flares. Avoid hot water, harsh soaps, and wool clothing.

NCLEX Relevance

Tested in allergic reactions and patient education on trigger avoidance.