Desensitization
A behavioral therapy technique to reduce reaction to specific triggers
Definition
Desensitization is a therapeutic technique. Either behavioral or pharmacologic, that gradually reduces a person's reaction to a trigger by controlled exposure. It is used for phobias, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and medication allergies.
Systematic Desensitization (Behavioral)
A three-step process: (1) teach relaxation techniques, (2) create an anxiety hierarchy from least to most feared, (3) gradually expose the patient to each level while practicing relaxation.
Pharmacologic Desensitization
Administering increasing doses of an allergen (e.g., aspirin for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, penicillin for syphilis in pregnancy) under careful monitoring to induce tolerance.
Nursing Considerations
Maintain a calm, supportive environment, teach relaxation (deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery), and monitor for anxiety, never rush the process. For drug desensitization, have emergency equipment at bedside and monitor vital signs during each increment.
NCLEX Relevance
Tested in anxiety disorders, phobias, and allergy management.