Dorsiflexion

Definition

Dorsiflexion is the movement of the foot upward at the ankle, bringing the toes toward the shin. It is the opposite of plantar flexion.

Clinical Applications

• Range of motion assessment
• Evaluating lower extremity neurologic function
• Neurovascular checks after orthopedic injury or surgery
• Preventing foot drop in immobile patients with foot boards

Foot Drop

Inability to dorsiflex that results from peroneal nerve injury, stroke, or prolonged immobility. Prevented by proper positioning, supportive footwear, and ankle-foot orthotics.

Nursing Considerations

Check dorsiflexion as part of every neurovascular assessment after casting, fractures, or spinal surgery. Perform ROM exercises at least twice daily for immobile patients. Reposition frequently and avoid prolonged external rotation or pressure on peroneal nerve at the fibular head.

NCLEX Relevance

ROM and neurovascular assessments include dorsiflexion. Note: Homan's sign (calf pain on dorsiflexion) is no longer recommended for DVT screening.