Droplet Precautions

Isolation for diseases spread by large respiratory droplets

Definition

Droplet precautions are transmission-based isolation used for diseases spread by large respiratory droplets (>5 microns) that travel less than 3 to 6 feet and do not remain suspended in air. They fall between Standard and Airborne precautions.

PPE Required

Surgical mask within 3 to 6 feet of patient (some facilities require upon entering room)
Eye protection if splash risk
Private room preferred; cohort with same organism if unavailable
Patient wears mask during transport

Common Diseases

Influenza, pertussis, meningococcal meningitis, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pneumonic plague, strep pharyngitis (during initial treatment), RSV (with contact precautions in pediatrics).

Nursing Considerations

Educate visitors. Private room door may remain open (dedicate equipment). Perform hand hygiene before and after every contact.

NCLEX Relevance

Memorize: droplet = surgical mask. Airborne (TB, measles, varicella) = N95.