Esophagitis

Definition

Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophageal lining. It can be acute or chronic and has diverse causes, most commonly gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Causes

• Reflux: GERD. Most common.
• Infectious: Candida, herpes simplex, CMV in immunocompromised.
• Medication-induced: NSAIDs, bisphosphonates, tetracyclines, potassium chloride.
• Eosinophilic: Allergic/immune-mediated.
• Radiation: Following thoracic radiation.

Signs and Symptoms

Heartburn, odynophagia (painful swallowing), dysphagia, retrosternal chest pain, hematemesis, chronic cough.

Nursing Interventions

Teach lifestyle modifications: elevate HOB 6 inches for sleep, avoid late meals, smaller frequent meals, avoid triggers (caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, spicy/fatty foods, tobacco). Administer PPIs (omeprazole), H2 blockers, antacids. Take bisphosphonates with full glass of water and remain upright 30 minutes. Complete full antifungal/antiviral course for infectious cases.

NCLEX Relevance

HOB elevation, PPI use, and bisphosphonate teaching are common test topics.