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Evisceration

Protrusion of internal organs through a surgical wound

Definition

Evisceration is the protrusion of internal organs (usually bowel) through a surgical incision or wound. It is a post-operative emergency requiring immediate intervention.

Risk Factors

  • Obesity
  • Malnutrition
  • Advanced age
  • Chronic cough, vomiting, constipation (increased intra-abdominal pressure)
  • Diabetes, steroid use
  • Wound infection

Preceding Sign: Dehiscence

Wound dehiscence is the separation of wound edges without organ protrusion, often presents as sudden increase in serosanguineous drainage (report immediately).

Emergency Nursing Actions

  1. Call for help; notify surgeon stat
  2. Stay with the patient
  3. Cover exposed organs with STERILE SALINE-MOISTENED GAUZE (never dry)
  4. Position patient supine with knees flexed (low Fowler's) to reduce tension
  5. NPO status
  6. Obtain IV access, fluids as ordered
  7. Monitor vital signs for shock
  8. Prepare for emergency surgery

NCLEX Relevance

Must-know priority: Sterile saline-soaked gauze. Do NOT push organs back.