Excoriation
Superficial skin loss from scratching or mechanical trauma
Definition
Excoriation is the loss of superficial skin layers (epidermis, sometimes dermis) caused by scratching, abrasion, or chemical irritation. It appears as linear erosions, often with surrounding erythema.
Common Causes
- Chronic itching (pruritus from eczema, kidney or liver disease)
- Allergic reactions
- Moisture (incontinence, perspiration)
- Adhesive removal trauma
- Skin-picking disorders (excoriation disorder)
Nursing Interventions
Identify and treat underlying cause of pruritus. Keep nails short and clean. Apply emollients to maintain skin barrier. Use barrier creams (zinc oxide) for incontinence-related excoriation. Cool compresses, oatmeal baths, and antihistamines for itching. Assess for signs of infection (purulent drainage, fever).
NCLEX Relevance
Skin integrity and infection prevention are key. Address underlying cause (e.g., pruritus in liver disease).