Febrile

Definition

Febrile means having a fever, a temporary elevation in body temperature above the normal range (typically >100.4°F/38°C orally in adults). Fever is a physiologic response to infection, inflammation, malignancy, or autoimmune disease.

Fever Patterns

• Intermittent: Spikes with returns to normal (malaria, infection)
• Remittent: Fluctuates but never returns to normal
• Sustained: Persistent elevation (typhoid)
• Relapsing: Febrile periods alternate with afebrile days

Nursing Interventions

Antipyretics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen); tepid sponge baths (never use alcohol or ice; causes shivering that raises temperature); cool room, lightweight clothing, remove excess blankets; increase fluids to prevent dehydration; monitor vital signs and mental status; cultures and targeted antibiotics as ordered. In neutropenic patients, fever ≥ 100.4°F (38°C) is an emergency.

Pediatric Considerations

Febrile seizures: ages 6 months-5 years, usually self-limited. Teach parents to ensure safety, not restrain, and call provider. Avoid aspirin in children (Reye syndrome).

NCLEX Relevance

Neutropenic fever = emergency. No aspirin for pediatric fever.