Flaccid

Soft, limp muscle tone indicating lower motor neuron dysfunction

Definition

Flaccid refers to soft, limp, weak muscle tone with diminished or absent reflexes. It indicates lower motor neuron lesion, spinal shock, severe deconditioning, or acute central nervous system injury.

Causes

Acute stroke (initially, before spasticity develops)
Spinal cord injury (spinal shock)
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Botulism
Severe hypokalemia or hypermagnesemia

Nursing Interventions

Prevent complications of immobility: DVT prophylaxis, skin integrity (pressure injury prevention), ROM exercises to prevent contractures, positioning to avoid subluxation of joints (especially shoulder in hemiplegia). Support affected extremities with pillows/splints.

NCLEX Relevance

Early stroke or spinal cord injury may present with flaccidity. Prioritize safety and prevention of complications.