Glycosuria

Definition

Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in the urine, typically appearing when blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold (~180 mg/dL). Normally, filtered glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

Causes

• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (most common)
• Renal glycosuria (lowered renal threshold)
• Pregnancy (increased GFR)
• Cushing's syndrome
• Fanconi syndrome
• SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, empagliflozin)

Clinical Significance

Glycosuria in a non-diabetic patient may be a first sign of diabetes. In known diabetics, it indicates hyperglycemia and need for therapy adjustment. Glucose acts as an osmotic diuretic, contributing to polyuria and dehydration.

Nursing Considerations

Check blood glucose, HbA1C, and urinalysis. Educate on glucose monitoring, medication adherence, and lifestyle. SGLT2 inhibitors produce expected glycosuria and increase UTI/genital yeast infection risk. Teach hygiene and hydration.

NCLEX Relevance

A hallmark diabetes cue. Consider SGLT2 inhibitors in newer pharmacology questions.