Hypertrophy

Definition

Hypertrophy is the enlargement of an organ or tissue by increase in size of existing cells (not number, that is hyperplasia). It is often a compensatory response to increased demand.

Examples

• Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): From hypertension or aortic stenosis. Ultimately leads to heart failure.
• Skeletal muscle: Response to exercise.
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Actually hyperplasia but commonly called enlargement (urinary obstruction).
• Uterine hypertrophy: During pregnancy.

Clinical Significance

LVH is a cardiovascular risk marker. BPH causes urinary symptoms (hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia) and potential retention. Evaluate with echocardiogram (LVH) or DRE/PSA (BPH).

Nursing Considerations

Address underlying cause: BP control for LVH; alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) for BPH. Patient education on symptom monitoring.

NCLEX Relevance

LVH in uncontrolled hypertension. BPH causes obstructive voiding.