Immunity

Definition

Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin through the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

Types

• Innate (natural, non-specific): Skin, mucous membranes, inflammation, phagocytes.
• Adaptive (specific):
• Active: Body produces own antibodies (natural, after infection; artificial; vaccination).
• Passive: Antibodies given from another source (natural; maternal through placenta/breast milk; artificial. Immunoglobulin injection).

Nursing Considerations

Provide immunizations per CDC schedule (influenza yearly, pneumococcal, COVID-19). Assess for contraindications: live vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy and immunocompromise. Teach patients about importance of completing vaccination series. Monitor for reactions.

NCLEX Relevance

Classic: Active = long-term; Passive = short-term. Know vaccine schedules.