Infusion
The intravenous administration of fluids or medications over time
Definition
An infusion is the slow, controlled introduction of fluids, medications, blood products, or nutrition into a vein. Rates are set in mL/hour, drops/minute, or units/hour depending on the substance and purpose.
Types
- Crystalloids (NS, LR, D5W, ½ NS)
- Colloids (albumin, hetastarch)
- Blood products (PRBCs, platelets, FFP)
- Medications (antibiotics, anticoagulants, vasopressors)
- Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Nursing Responsibilities
- Verify order, patient, and drug (5 rights)
- Assess IV site at least hourly
- Monitor infusion rate with pump
- Watch for complications: infiltration, phlebitis, extravasation, infection, air embolism, fluid overload
- Blood: check with second nurse, vital signs at 15 minutes, watch for reactions
- TPN: central line required; monitor glucose, electrolytes, triglycerides
NCLEX Relevance
IV complications are frequently tested. Stop infusion for infiltration or reaction.