Inhalation

Definition

Inhalation (inspiration) is the active phase of respiration in which the diaphragm contracts and descends, intercostal muscles elevate the ribs, and negative intrathoracic pressure draws air into the lungs.

Mechanism

• Diaphragm contracts → thoracic volume increases
• Intercostals contract → chest expands
• Intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric
• Air flows in

Inhalation Medication Route

Medications (bronchodilators, corticosteroids) delivered directly to airways via MDI, DPI, or nebulizer. Key teaching:

• Shake MDI, exhale, slow inhale while pressing canister, hold breath 10 seconds
• Use spacer to improve delivery and reduce thrush
• Rinse mouth after corticosteroid inhalers
• Use bronchodilator BEFORE corticosteroid (opens airways first)

NCLEX Relevance

Inhaler teaching: bronchodilator first, rinse mouth after steroid.