Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A vascular tumor commonly associated with advanced HIV/AIDS

Definition

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a cancer of lymphatic/endothelial origin caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8/KSHV). It presents as red, purple, or brown skin lesions and may involve mucous membranes, internal organs, and lymph nodes.

Types

AIDS-related: Most common and aggressive form; defines AIDS.
Classic: Elderly Mediterranean men.
Endemic: Sub-Saharan Africa.
Iatrogenic: Transplant patients on immunosuppression.

Clinical Features

Purple/red/brown macules progressing to plaques and nodules, commonly on legs, face, genitals, and oral cavity. Internal involvement may cause GI bleeding, lymphedema, and respiratory compromise.

Nursing Interventions

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for AIDS-related KS often causes regression. Localized therapy: cryotherapy, radiation, intralesional chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy for widespread disease. Provide emotional support and skin care. Teach infection prevention and adherence to ART.

NCLEX Relevance

An AIDS-defining illness; ART is cornerstone of treatment.