Keratin

A tough fibrous protein that forms hair, nails, and epidermis

Definition

Keratin is a fibrous structural protein synthesized by keratinocytes in the epidermis. It gives hair, nails, and the outer skin layer their strength and waterproof properties.

Clinical Significance

Hyperkeratosis: Excess keratin, such as calluses, corns, plantar warts.
Seborrheic keratosis: Benign, waxy 'stuck-on' skin growths in aging.
Actinic keratosis: Pre-cancerous lesion from sun damage. Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma.

Nursing Considerations

Assess skin for changes in size, color, borders, symmetry, and bleeding (ABCDE for moles). Teach sun protection (SPF ≥ 30, reapply every 2 hours, avoid 10 AM-4 PM sun). Monitor and refer suspicious lesions for dermatologic evaluation.

NCLEX Relevance

Foundational skin anatomy. ABCDE skin cancer assessment.