Kyphosis

Definition

Kyphosis is an exaggerated forward (posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine, producing a 'hunched' or 'rounded back' appearance. Mild thoracic kyphosis is normal; excessive curvature is pathologic.

Causes

• Osteoporosis with vertebral compression fractures
• Scheuermann's disease (adolescent onset)
• Poor posture
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Congenital malformation
• Vertebral tumors or infection

Clinical Implications

Impaired respiratory function (restrictive lung disease), chronic back pain, loss of height, balance problems, decreased mobility.

Nursing Interventions

Fall prevention, pain management, physical therapy for postural correction, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Encourage weight-bearing exercise, for severe cases, bracing or surgical correction.

NCLEX Relevance

Osteoporosis is the most common cause of kyphosis in elderly women.