Lethargy
A state of drowsiness, fatigue, or reduced alertness
Definition
Lethargy is a state of decreased wakefulness and energy, marked by drowsiness, slowed responses, and a reduced interest in the environment. It is a common but nonspecific early sign of serious illness.
Causes
- Hypoxia
- Hypoglycemia
- Infection/sepsis
- Electrolyte imbalances (Na, Ca)
- Medications (opioids, benzodiazepines)
- Metabolic disorders (hypothyroidism)
- Neurologic disorders (stroke, increased ICP)
- Dehydration
Assessment
Use Glasgow Coma Scale to quantify level of consciousness. Check vital signs, SpO2, blood glucose, mental status. Assess AVPU: Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive.
Nursing Interventions
Identify and treat the underlying cause. Airway management if severely obtunded. Safety: fall precautions, monitor frequent mental status, for elderly, assess for UTI as a common reversible cause.
NCLEX Relevance
Early, nonspecific sign of deterioration, always assess further.