Maceration
Softening and breakdown of skin from prolonged moisture
Definition
Maceration is skin softening and breakdown caused by prolonged exposure to moisture, leading to pale, wrinkled, waterlogged skin that is vulnerable to infection and pressure injury.
Common Causes
- Incontinence (urine or stool)
- Wound exudate
- Sweating
- Occlusive dressings
- Wet clothing, prolonged bathing
Prevention and Treatment
- Keep skin clean and dry
- Use moisture barrier products (zinc oxide, dimethicone)
- Absorbent incontinence products
- Appropriate wound dressings that manage exudate without maceration of surrounding skin
- Prompt cleansing after episodes of incontinence
Nursing Considerations
Assess perineal, perianal, and wound-surrounding skin at each shift. Change pads and dressings when saturated. Identify and treat underlying cause.
NCLEX Relevance
Skin integrity for incontinent and wound patients.