Myopia

Definition

Myopia (nearsightedness) is a refractive error in which distant objects appear blurred because light focuses in front of the retina rather than on it. It typically begins in childhood and progresses during growth.

Risk Factors

• Genetic (family history)
• Prolonged close work (reading, screens)
• Lack of outdoor time (childhood)
• Asian descent

Diagnosis and Correction

Visual acuity test (Snellen chart), refraction. Corrected with concave (minus power) lenses in glasses or contacts, or with refractive surgery (LASIK, PRK).

Complications

High myopia (greater than -6.00 D) increases risk of retinal detachment, glaucoma, cataracts, and myopic maculopathy.

Nursing Interventions

Teach regular eye exams (annually for high myopia), adequate lighting for reading, breaks from screen time (20-20-20 rule), and signs of retinal detachment (floaters, flashes, curtain vision). Medical emergency.

NCLEX Relevance

Sudden flashes/floaters = retinal detachment emergency.