Paracentesis
Procedure to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity
Definition
Paracentesis is a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which a needle is inserted into the peritoneal cavity to withdraw ascitic fluid. It relieves symptomatic ascites and helps diagnose cause.
Indications
- Tense, symptomatic ascites
- Suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- Evaluation of new ascites
Pre-Procedure Nursing Care
- Informed consent
- Have patient VOID IMMEDIATELY before procedure (prevent bladder perforation)
- Baseline vital signs, weight, abdominal girth
- Position sitting upright or high-Fowler's
Post-Procedure Nursing Care
- Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes × 4, then hourly
- Assess for hypotension (large volume removal >5 L)
- Albumin may be given to prevent post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction
- Document fluid color, amount, and send for analysis
- Monitor for peritonitis, bleeding, bladder injury
NCLEX Relevance
Void before procedure! Monitor BP after large-volume paracentesis.