Paresthesia

Definition

Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation of tingling, prickling, burning, or 'pins and needles.' It may be temporary and benign or indicate underlying pathology.

Causes

• Peripheral neuropathy (diabetes, B12 deficiency)
• Electrolyte imbalance (hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia)
• Nerve compression (carpal tunnel, sciatica)
• Spinal cord injury
• Stroke, TIA
• Multiple sclerosis
• Compartment syndrome
• Medications (chemotherapy, metronidazole)

Nursing Considerations

Assess distribution, duration, and triggers. Sudden onset may indicate stroke. Activate stroke protocol. Circumoral tingling + Chvostek/Trousseau = hypocalcemia. Address underlying cause. Protect skin from injury (impaired sensation).

NCLEX Relevance

Sudden paresthesia + neurologic deficit = stroke. Circumoral + tetany = hypocalcemia.