Platelets

Definition

Platelets (thrombocytes) are small, anucleate cytoplasmic fragments that circulate in blood and are essential for primary hemostasis. They adhere to damaged vessels and aggregate to form platelet plugs.

Normal Values and Implications

• Normal: 150,000 to 400,000/µL
• Thrombocytopenia less than 150,000
• Spontaneous bleeding risk less than 20,000
• Surgical bleeding risk less than 50,000
• Thrombocytosis greater than 450,000

Bleeding Precautions

• Soft toothbrush, electric razor
• No IM injections
• Fall precautions
• Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
• Use pressure 5 to 10 minutes after venipuncture
• Stool softeners to prevent straining

Platelet Transfusion

Indicated for symptomatic thrombocytopenia or platelets less than 10,000 (or less than 20,000 with risk factors). Monitor for febrile, allergic, or hemolytic reactions.

NCLEX Relevance

Less than 50,000: surgical risk. Less than 20,000: spontaneous bleeding risk.