Thrombosis

Definition

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within the vascular system. Unlike embolism (traveling clot), thrombosis refers to the clot forming in situ.

Types

• Arterial thrombosis: Causes ischemia (MI, stroke, limb ischemia).
• Venous thrombosis: DVT. Risk of PE.

Virchow's Triad

• Venous stasis (immobility, surgery)
• Endothelial injury (trauma, catheters)
• Hypercoagulability (cancer, pregnancy, thrombophilia)

Nursing Interventions

Prevention: DVT prophylaxis (LMWH, SCDs, early ambulation), TED stockings, adequate hydration. Treatment: anticoagulation (heparin, warfarin, DOACs), thrombolytics for arterial/severe venous thromboses. Monitor for bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

NCLEX Relevance

Virchow's triad for risk assessment. Do NOT massage DVT.