Ulcer

Definition

An ulcer is an open sore resulting from loss of skin or mucous membrane, with granulation or necrotic tissue at the base. Ulcers may be acute or chronic.

Common Types

• Pressure ulcer (decubitus): From prolonged pressure over bony prominences.
• Diabetic ulcer: Neuropathy and poor perfusion; commonly on feet.
• Arterial ulcer: Ischemic, punched-out, painful, on toes/feet.
• Venous stasis ulcer: Lower leg, irregular edges, minimal pain.
• Peptic ulcer: Stomach or duodenal lining.
• Oral ulcer: Aphthous, herpetic, or related to systemic disease.

Nursing Interventions

Identify cause, pressure redistribution, proper wound care (dressings appropriate to type), nutrition (protein, vitamin C, zinc), glycemic control, revascularization for arterial, compression for venous. Monitor for infection.

NCLEX Relevance

Venous: compression. Arterial: revascularization. Diabetic: glucose control and foot care.