Vital Signs

Definition

Vital signs are basic measurements indicating the status of essential physiologic functions: temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Pain is sometimes called the 'fifth vital sign.'

Normal Adult Values

• Temperature: 36.5 to 37.5°C (97.7 to 99.5°F)
• Heart rate: 60 to 100 bpm
• Respiratory rate: 12 to 20/min
• Blood pressure: less than 120/80
• SpO2: 95 to 100% on room air

Pediatric Normal Values

• HR and RR higher in younger children
• See age-specific charts

Nursing Responsibilities

Measure accurately; compare to baseline; recognize trends, such as pick appropriate equipment (cuff size, thermometer type). Document promptly. Report abnormal values per facility criteria.

NCLEX Relevance

Memorize adult and pediatric normal ranges. Trending vital signs is more valuable than single measurements.