Xerostomia

Definition

Xerostomia is the sensation of dry mouth, usually caused by decreased salivary flow. It can impair speech, swallowing, taste, and oral health.

Causes

• Medications: anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidepressants, diuretics, opioids
• Radiation therapy to head and neck
• Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune)
• Chemotherapy
• Diabetes
• Aging
• Mouth breathing

Complications

Dental caries (saliva protects teeth), oral candidiasis, difficulty chewing/swallowing, bad breath, altered taste.

Nursing Interventions

• Frequent small sips of water
• Ice chips
• Sugar-free chewing gum or lozenges
• Artificial saliva products
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
• Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits
• Humidify air
• Pilocarpine or cevimeline (systemic) for severe cases

NCLEX Relevance

Common medication side effect. Oral care is key.