Renal

Definition

Renal refers to anything related to the kidneys. Kidneys maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base regulation, blood pressure, erythropoietin production, vitamin D activation, and excretion of metabolic waste.

Key Renal Assessments

• BUN, creatinine, GFR
• Urine output (minimum 30 mL/hr)
• Electrolytes (K+, Na+, Ca2+, phosphorus, bicarbonate)
• Urinalysis, specific gravity

Common Renal Conditions

• Acute kidney injury
• Chronic kidney disease
• Glomerulonephritis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Kidney stones
• UTI/pyelonephritis

Nursing Considerations

Assess fluid status, monitor I&O and daily weights, adjust medication doses for renal function, protect kidneys from nephrotoxins (contrast, NSAIDs, aminoglycosides). Teach CKD patients about diet (low sodium, potassium, phosphorus) and fluid restrictions.

NCLEX Relevance

Kidney function informs medication dosing and nursing interventions.