Inspection

Definition

Inspection is the systematic visual examination of the patient, including skin, body structure, symmetry, movement, and behavior. It is the first technique in physical assessment.

Order of Physical Assessment

• General assessment: Inspection → Palpation → Percussion → Auscultation
• Abdominal assessment: Inspection → Auscultation → Percussion → Palpation (palpation last to avoid altering bowel sounds)

What to Inspect

Skin color, symmetry, movement, respiratory effort, posture, gait, hygiene, grooming, emotional state, facial expression, jugular veins, respiratory rate/pattern.

Nursing Considerations

Provide good lighting, expose area being inspected while respecting privacy. Compare bilaterally. Document observations clearly and objectively.

NCLEX Relevance

Inspection always comes first. Except look before touching abdomen (auscultation before palpation).