Leukopenia
Low white blood cell count increasing infection risk
Definition
Leukopenia is a WBC count less than 4,000/µL. Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count less than 1,500) is the clinically most important type, significantly increasing infection risk. Severe neutropenia (ANC less than 500) constitutes a medical emergency.
Causes
- Chemotherapy and radiation
- Viral infections
- Bone marrow disorders (aplastic anemia, leukemia)
- Severe bacterial infections (sepsis)
- Autoimmune disorders
- Medications (clozapine, methimazole, some antibiotics)
Neutropenic Precautions
- Private room, strict hand hygiene
- No fresh flowers, raw fruits/vegetables
- No live vaccines
- Low-bacterial diet
- Monitor temperature frequently (fever ≥ 100.4°F is emergency)
- Avoid invasive procedures when possible
NCLEX Relevance
Neutropenic fever is a medical emergency. Blood cultures and broad-spectrum antibiotics within 1 hour.